{"id":10132,"date":"2019-11-18T10:46:39","date_gmt":"2019-11-18T09:46:39","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.stelvision.com\/astro\/?p=10132"},"modified":"2023-11-15T10:36:45","modified_gmt":"2023-11-15T09:36:45","slug":"la-station-spatiale-internationale-iss","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.stelvision.com\/astro\/la-station-spatiale-internationale-iss\/","title":{"rendered":"Station spatiale internationale (ISS)&nbsp;: histoire et devenir"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"chapo\">Depuis ses d\u00e9buts en&nbsp;1998, la Station spatiale internationale (ISS) a accueilli plus de 250&nbsp;astronautes. Le Fran\u00e7ais Thomas Pesquet y a notamment s\u00e9journ\u00e9 deux fois, en 2016-2017 et en&nbsp;2021. D\u00e9couvrez l&rsquo;histoire de cet incroyable vaisseau spatial. <\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"640\" height=\"480\" src=\"https:\/\/www.stelvision.com\/astro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/ISS_full_credit_Nasa.jpg\" alt=\"Vue globale de l'ISS avec la Terre en arri\u00e8re plan et en orbite la station, notamment ses 24 panneaux solaires bien en \u00e9vidence.\" class=\"wp-image-10140\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.stelvision.com\/astro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/ISS_full_credit_Nasa.jpg 640w, https:\/\/www.stelvision.com\/astro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/ISS_full_credit_Nasa-300x225.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.stelvision.com\/astro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/ISS_full_credit_Nasa-570x428.jpg 570w, https:\/\/www.stelvision.com\/astro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/ISS_full_credit_Nasa-368x276.jpg 368w, https:\/\/www.stelvision.com\/astro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/ISS_full_credit_Nasa-270x203.jpg 270w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><strong>Vue globale de l&rsquo;ISS.<\/strong><small> Cr\u00e9dit&nbsp;: Nasa<\/small><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Cr\u00e9ation de l&rsquo;ISS<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Le pr\u00e9sident des \u00c9tats-Unis Ronald Reagan est \u00e0 l\u2019origine en&nbsp;1983 de l\u2019ambitieux projet de construction d&rsquo;une station spatiale en orbite terrestre basse. L&rsquo;objectif est d&rsquo;y installer un \u00e9quipage charg\u00e9 d&rsquo;effectuer de la recherche scientifique en environnement spatial. Pilot\u00e9 par la Nasa, le programme est d\u00e9velopp\u00e9 conjointement avec l&rsquo;agence spatiale russe (Roscosmos) depuis&nbsp;1993. Les agences spatiales europ\u00e9enne (Esa), japonaise (Jaxa) et canadienne (CSA) participent \u00e9galement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>L&rsquo;assemblage en orbite de la Station spatiale internationale (<em>International space station<\/em> ou ISS en anglais) d\u00e9marre en&nbsp;1998. Sa finalisation n&rsquo;intervient que treize ann\u00e9es plus tard, apr\u00e8s une quarantaine de vols destin\u00e9s \u00e0 transporter les \u00e9l\u00e9ments n\u00e9cessaires \u00e0 sa construction. Des coupes budg\u00e9taires et l&rsquo;accident de la navette am\u00e9ricaine Columbia &#8211;&nbsp;qui a tu\u00e9 sept astronautes en&nbsp;2003&nbsp;&#8211; sont les principales raisons de ce d\u00e9lai.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"483\" height=\"322\" src=\"https:\/\/www.stelvision.com\/astro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/ISS_Cygnus_credit_Nasa.jpg\" alt=\"La Terre en arri\u00e8re-plan et une partie de l'ISS au premier plan : le cargo am\u00e9ricain Cygnus. \" class=\"wp-image-10134\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.stelvision.com\/astro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/ISS_Cygnus_credit_Nasa.jpg 483w, https:\/\/www.stelvision.com\/astro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/ISS_Cygnus_credit_Nasa-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.stelvision.com\/astro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/ISS_Cygnus_credit_Nasa-368x245.jpg 368w, https:\/\/www.stelvision.com\/astro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/ISS_Cygnus_credit_Nasa-270x180.jpg 270w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 483px) 100vw, 483px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><strong>Le cargo am\u00e9ricain Cygnus arrim\u00e9 \u00e0 l&rsquo;ISS en novembre&nbsp;2019.<\/strong><small> Cr\u00e9dit&nbsp;: Nasa<\/small><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Caract\u00e9ristiques de la station<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>L&rsquo;ISS est le plus grand de objet artificiel en orbite autour de la Terre. \u00c0 une altitude variant entre 350&nbsp;et 400&nbsp;km, elle mesure pas moins de 110&nbsp;<abbr title=\"m\u00e8tre\">m<\/abbr>&nbsp;de longueur, 74&nbsp;<abbr title=\"m\u00e8tre\">m<\/abbr>&nbsp;de largeur et 30&nbsp;<abbr title=\"m\u00e8tre\">m<\/abbr>&nbsp;de hauteur. En&nbsp;2019, sa masse est d&rsquo;environ 420&nbsp;tonnes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Avec plus de 2&nbsp;500&nbsp;m\u00b2 de panneaux solaires qui lui fournissent son \u00e9nergie, la Station spatiale est le second objet le plus brillant du ciel nocturne apr\u00e8s la <a href=\"https:\/\/www.stelvision.com\/astro\/la-lune-notre-satellite-naturel\/\">Lune<\/a>. L&rsquo;ISS est d&rsquo;ailleurs <a href=\"https:\/\/www.stelvision.com\/astro\/station-spatiale-internationale-suivez-la\/\">facilement visible \u00e0 l\u2019\u0153il nu <\/a>\u00e0 condition de savoir \u00e0 quel moment elle passe au dessus de l&rsquo;observateur, information disponible sur plusieurs sites de pr\u00e9visions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>L&rsquo;\u00e9difice est habit\u00e9 sans interruption depuis novembre&nbsp;2000. Sept astronautes l&rsquo;occupent en permanence (depuis&nbsp;2021) pour des s\u00e9jours de 3 \u00e0 6 mois. Fin&nbsp;2019, 239&nbsp;personnes de 19&nbsp;nationalit\u00e9s diff\u00e9rentes au total y avaient s\u00e9journ\u00e9. Parmi eux notamment, plus de 150&nbsp;Am\u00e9ricains, une cinquantaine de Russes, des Japonais, des Canadiens, des Italiens et quatre Fran\u00e7ais. Ces derniers sont L\u00e9opold Eyharts, Claudie Haigner\u00e9 &#8211;&nbsp;la premi\u00e8re europ\u00e9enne dans l&rsquo;espace&nbsp;-, Philippe Perrin et l&rsquo;astronaute qu&rsquo;on ne pr\u00e9sente plus, Thomas Pesquet.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"516\" height=\"343\" src=\"https:\/\/www.stelvision.com\/astro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/Expedition_50-51_prime_left_and_back_up_right_crew_members_credit_Nasa_Alexander_Vysotsky.jpg\" alt=\"Photo sur la base de Ba\u00efkonour au soleil de l'\u00e9quipage de l'exp\u00e9dition 50-51 vers l'ISS. Trois astronautes principaux \u00e0 gauche et trois rempla\u00e7ants \u00e0 droite, tous en combinaisons bleues.\" class=\"wp-image-10161\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.stelvision.com\/astro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/Expedition_50-51_prime_left_and_back_up_right_crew_members_credit_Nasa_Alexander_Vysotsky.jpg 516w, https:\/\/www.stelvision.com\/astro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/Expedition_50-51_prime_left_and_back_up_right_crew_members_credit_Nasa_Alexander_Vysotsky-300x199.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.stelvision.com\/astro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/Expedition_50-51_prime_left_and_back_up_right_crew_members_credit_Nasa_Alexander_Vysotsky-368x245.jpg 368w, https:\/\/www.stelvision.com\/astro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/Expedition_50-51_prime_left_and_back_up_right_crew_members_credit_Nasa_Alexander_Vysotsky-270x179.jpg 270w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 516px) 100vw, 516px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><strong>Membres de l&rsquo;exp\u00e9dition 50-51&nbsp;: Peggy Whitson, Oleg Novitskiy, Thomas Pesquet et leurs rempla\u00e7ants (\u00e0 droite). <\/strong><small>Cr\u00e9dit&nbsp;: Nasa\/Alexander Vysotsky<\/small><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p>Thomas Pesquet a s\u00e9journ\u00e9 dans l&rsquo;ISS de novembre&nbsp;2016 \u00e0 juin&nbsp;2017, et d&rsquo;avril \u00e0 novembre&nbsp;2021. \u00c0 pr\u00e9sent, l&rsquo;astronaute fran\u00e7ais vise la Lune, au sens propre. S&rsquo;il transforme ce nouveau r\u00eave en r\u00e9alit\u00e9, il deviendra le premier europ\u00e9en \u00e0 poser un pied sur notre satellite naturel&#8230; \u00ab\u00a0<em>J&rsquo;ai toujours r\u00eav\u00e9 d&rsquo;aller plus loin et plus profond\u00e9ment dans l&rsquo;espace. J&rsquo;esp\u00e8re vraiment prendre ma part dans cette prochaine \u00e9tape de l&rsquo;exploration spatiale<\/em>\u00ab\u00a0, a-t-il d\u00e9clar\u00e9. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">La science \u00e0 bord de l&rsquo;ISS<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Mais revenons \u00e0 l&rsquo;ISS. Chaque astronaute a pour mission d&rsquo;effectuer des op\u00e9rations d&rsquo;assemblage et de maintenance pour la station, ainsi que des exp\u00e9riences scientifiques. Ces travaux concernent principalement la biologie, la science des mat\u00e9riaux, l&rsquo;astronomie et la m\u00e9t\u00e9orologie.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>L&rsquo;\u00e9tude du comportement du corps humain en impesanteur constitue une exp\u00e9rience pr\u00e9cieuse pour les s\u00e9jours longs en orbite, notamment dans le cadre des <a href=\"https:\/\/www.stelvision.com\/astro\/mars-la-lune-une-nouvelle-ere-pour-exploration-humaine\/\">futures missions d&rsquo;exploration humaine vers Mars<\/a>. En effet, le corps humain a \u00e9volu\u00e9 pour fonctionner sous l&rsquo;influence de la gravit\u00e9. Ainsi, en situation de micropesanteur, certains changements s&rsquo;op\u00e8rent. Les fluides (sang, liquide c\u00e9phalorachidien&#8230;) remontent vers le haut du corps, les g\u00e8nes s&rsquo;expriment diff\u00e9remment dans l&rsquo;ADN, la masse des muscles et des os diminue, la colonne vert\u00e9brale s&rsquo;allonge&#8230; <\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"519\" height=\"292\" src=\"https:\/\/www.stelvision.com\/astro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/expedition_51_fluids_up_credit_Nasa_TV.jpg\" alt=\"Photo des cinq membres d'\u00e9quipage de l'exp\u00e9dition 51, dont Thomas Pesquet, en impesanteur dans l'ISS. Ils ont la t\u00eate l\u00e9g\u00e8rement glonfl\u00e9e \u00e0 cause de la remont\u00e9e des fluides corporels due \u00e0 la microgravit\u00e9.\" class=\"wp-image-10269\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.stelvision.com\/astro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/expedition_51_fluids_up_credit_Nasa_TV.jpg 519w, https:\/\/www.stelvision.com\/astro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/expedition_51_fluids_up_credit_Nasa_TV-300x169.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.stelvision.com\/astro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/expedition_51_fluids_up_credit_Nasa_TV-368x207.jpg 368w, https:\/\/www.stelvision.com\/astro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/expedition_51_fluids_up_credit_Nasa_TV-270x152.jpg 270w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 519px) 100vw, 519px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><strong>Dans l&rsquo;espace, les fluides corporels remontent vers le haut du corps.<\/strong> <small>Cr\u00e9dit&nbsp;: Nasa TV<\/small><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p>La plupart de ces changements disparaissent apr\u00e8s le retour sur Terre, mais les astronautes ne restent que trois \u00e0 six mois dans l\u2019ISS. Qu&rsquo;adviendra-t-il au retour d&rsquo;hommes apr\u00e8s un aller-retour vers Mars d&rsquo;une dur\u00e9e de trois ans&nbsp;? L&rsquo;analyse des d\u00e9r\u00e8glements et la mani\u00e8re de les limiter dans l&rsquo;espace est ainsi un enjeu fondamental pour les futures missions d&rsquo;exploration humaine.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>On utilise aussi la Station spatiale pour \u00e9laborer des m\u00e9thodes de diagnostic et de soins en milieu isol\u00e9, ou \u00e9tudier la croissance des plantes en micropesanteur. Dans une optique de colonisation de l&rsquo;espace, faire son potager en impesanteur pourrait en effet devenir un enjeu crucial.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"504\" height=\"284\" src=\"https:\/\/www.stelvision.com\/astro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/Peggy_salads_credit_Nasa_TV.jpg\" alt=\"Peggy Whitson r\u00e9colte son chou chinois \u00e0 bord de l'ISS. Elle est \u00e0 droite de l'image, un sac \u00e0 la main, devant son mini bac potager.\" class=\"wp-image-10278\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.stelvision.com\/astro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/Peggy_salads_credit_Nasa_TV.jpg 504w, https:\/\/www.stelvision.com\/astro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/Peggy_salads_credit_Nasa_TV-300x169.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.stelvision.com\/astro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/Peggy_salads_credit_Nasa_TV-368x207.jpg 368w, https:\/\/www.stelvision.com\/astro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/Peggy_salads_credit_Nasa_TV-270x152.jpg 270w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 504px) 100vw, 504px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><strong>Peggy Whitson r\u00e9colte du chou chinois qui a pouss\u00e9 \u00e0 400&nbsp;km d&rsquo;altitude.<\/strong><small> Cr\u00e9dit&nbsp;: Nasa&nbsp;TV<\/small><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Bient\u00f4t la fin de la Station spatiale&nbsp;?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Apr\u00e8s plus de 5&nbsp;milliards de kilom\u00e8tres parcourus au-dessus de la surface de la Terre, le co\u00fbt de maintien en fonctionnement de l&rsquo;ISS (2,7&nbsp;milliards d&rsquo;euros par an soit environ 15&nbsp;% du budget de la Nasa) est tel que son abandon est r\u00e9guli\u00e8rement envisag\u00e9. D&rsquo;autant plus que les diff\u00e9rents modules de la Station ont \u00e9t\u00e9 con\u00e7us pour une dur\u00e9e op\u00e9rationnelle de 15&nbsp;ans, ce qui ram\u00e8ne \u00e0&nbsp;2013 la date limite d&rsquo;utilisation th\u00e9orique pour les \u00e9l\u00e9ments les plus anciens.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Toutefois, pour l&rsquo;instant, la Nasa et l&rsquo;agence spatiale russe Roscosmos ont d\u00e9cid\u00e9 de prolonger l&rsquo;utilisation de l&rsquo;ISS jusqu&rsquo;en 2028. Pass\u00e9 ce d\u00e9lai, la Station spatiale sera-t-elle d\u00e9mont\u00e9e et r\u00e9cup\u00e9r\u00e9e en orbite pour construire une autre station&nbsp;? Sera-t-elle rachet\u00e9e par des entreprises priv\u00e9es&nbsp;? D\u00e9mantel\u00e9e pour terminer en morceaux dans l&rsquo;oc\u00e9an Pacifique&nbsp;? La question reste ouverte.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">La station spatiale chinoise<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>En attendant, l&rsquo;agence spatiale chinoise (CNSA) a d\u00e9velopp\u00e9 sa propre station orbitale, compos\u00e9e de trois modules. Elle a les m\u00eames objectifs d&rsquo;exp\u00e9riences scientifiques en microgravit\u00e9 et de pr\u00e9paration aux vols de longue dur\u00e9e que l&rsquo;actuelle ISS. En octobre&nbsp;2021, trois spationautes sont arriv\u00e9s dans le premier et seul module alors en orbite, <em>Tianhe<\/em> (\u00ab\u00a0Harmonie c\u00e9leste\u00a0\u00bb) de la station <em>Tiangong<\/em> (\u00ab\u00a0Palais c\u00e9leste\u00a0\u00bb). Depuis, les chinois ont achev\u00e9 sa construction en novembre&nbsp;2022. D&rsquo;une masse de 60&nbsp;tonnes, <em>Tiangong<\/em> a une taille similaire \u00e0 l&rsquo;ancienne station sovi\u00e9tique Mir. Sa dur\u00e9e de vie sera d&rsquo;au moins 10&nbsp;ans.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"681\" src=\"https:\/\/www.stelvision.com\/astro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/Maquette_echelle_1_1_station_spatiale_chinoise_credit_AFP-1024x681.jpg\" alt=\"Maquette taille r\u00e9elle de la future station orbitale chinoise : on la voit lors de sa pr\u00e9sentation officielle, entour\u00e9e d'une foule de Chinois, \u00e0 l'int\u00e9rieur d'un b\u00e2timent.\" class=\"wp-image-10346\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.stelvision.com\/astro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/Maquette_echelle_1_1_station_spatiale_chinoise_credit_AFP.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.stelvision.com\/astro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/Maquette_echelle_1_1_station_spatiale_chinoise_credit_AFP-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.stelvision.com\/astro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/Maquette_echelle_1_1_station_spatiale_chinoise_credit_AFP-768x511.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.stelvision.com\/astro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/Maquette_echelle_1_1_station_spatiale_chinoise_credit_AFP-750x499.jpg 750w, https:\/\/www.stelvision.com\/astro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/Maquette_echelle_1_1_station_spatiale_chinoise_credit_AFP-570x379.jpg 570w, https:\/\/www.stelvision.com\/astro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/Maquette_echelle_1_1_station_spatiale_chinoise_credit_AFP-368x245.jpg 368w, https:\/\/www.stelvision.com\/astro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/Maquette_echelle_1_1_station_spatiale_chinoise_credit_AFP-270x180.jpg 270w, https:\/\/www.stelvision.com\/astro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/Maquette_echelle_1_1_station_spatiale_chinoise_credit_AFP-1000x665.jpg 1000w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><strong>Maquette \u00e0 taille r\u00e9elle de la future station orbitale chinoise. <\/strong><small>Cr\u00e9dit&nbsp;: AFP<\/small><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>\u00c0 noter que ce projet a partiellement \u00e9t\u00e9 b\u00e2ti sur le refus am\u00e9ricain d&rsquo;accepter des Chinois dans l&rsquo;ISS. Pourtant, la CNSA assure que les spationautes \u00e9trangers seront les bienvenus sur Tiangong.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Une nouvelle station spatiale russe ?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Par ailleurs, la Russie a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 vouloir&nbsp;se retirer du programme&nbsp;de l&rsquo;ISS d\u00e8s 2025, afin de d\u00e9velopper et construire sa propre station spatiale. La&nbsp;<em>Russian Orbital Space Station<\/em>, ou Ross, ne serait pas destin\u00e9e \u00e0 \u00eatre occup\u00e9e en permanence. Le premier module, initialement pr\u00e9vu&nbsp;pour \u00e9tendre la partie russe de l&rsquo;ISS et dont la construction a donc d\u00e9j\u00e0 commenc\u00e9, pourrait \u00eatre lanc\u00e9&nbsp;en&nbsp;2028. Mais de nombreux experts sont sceptiques quant \u00e0 la capacit\u00e9 de Roscosmos \u00e0 financer un tel projet&#8230;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Enfin, la Nasa, qui compte se retirer de l&rsquo;ISS avant la fin de la d\u00e9cennie, pr\u00e9f\u00e8re quant \u00e0 elle se concentrer sur son projet de <a href=\"https:\/\/www.stelvision.com\/astro\/la-nasa-prete-a-redecoller-vers-la-lune\/\">station orbitale lunaire<\/a> au sein de la mission Artemis. Le futur <em>Lunar Orbital Platform-Gateway <\/em>devrait servir au <a href=\"https:\/\/www.stelvision.com\/astro\/la-nasa-prete-a-redecoller-vers-la-lune\/\">retour de l&rsquo;Homme sur la Lune<\/a>, ainsi que de palier dans le cadre de voyages plus lointains, vers <a href=\"https:\/\/www.stelvision.com\/astro\/tout-savoir-sur-lexploration-de-mars\/\">Mars<\/a> par exemple. La Nasa pr\u00e9voit pour l&rsquo;instant trois phases. Artemis\u00a01 a marqu\u00e9, en novembre\u00a02022, le premier envoi au XXI<sup>e<\/sup>\u00a0si\u00e8cle d\u2019un vaisseau spatial vers la Lune.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"574\" height=\"324\" src=\"https:\/\/www.stelvision.com\/astro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/Lunar_Orbital_Gateway_credit_Nasa.jpg\" alt=\"Vue d'artiste du futur Lunar Orbital Gateway : on y voit la Terre en arri\u00e8re-plan, un bout de la Lune plus proche, et sur toute la longueur de l'image les diff\u00e9rents modules assembl\u00e9 de l'engin spatial.\" class=\"wp-image-10344\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.stelvision.com\/astro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/Lunar_Orbital_Gateway_credit_Nasa.jpg 574w, https:\/\/www.stelvision.com\/astro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/Lunar_Orbital_Gateway_credit_Nasa-300x169.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.stelvision.com\/astro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/Lunar_Orbital_Gateway_credit_Nasa-570x322.jpg 570w, https:\/\/www.stelvision.com\/astro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/Lunar_Orbital_Gateway_credit_Nasa-368x208.jpg 368w, https:\/\/www.stelvision.com\/astro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/Lunar_Orbital_Gateway_credit_Nasa-270x152.jpg 270w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 574px) 100vw, 574px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><strong>Vue d&rsquo;artiste du futur <em>Lunar Orbital Platform-Gateway<\/em> de la Nasa.<\/strong><small> Cr\u00e9dit&nbsp;: Nasa<\/small><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div style=\"margin-bottom: 18px;\">\t\t\t\t<a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.stelvision.com\/astro\/boutique\/le-ciel-au-telescope\/?ref=bottom\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.stelvision.com\/astro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/Ciel-au-telescope-1200x900-1.webp\" alt=\"visuel publicitaire livre le Ciel au t\u00e9lescope\" class=\"img-responsive\">\r\n\t\t\t\t<\/a>\r\n\t\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align: center; margin-bottom: 0em; margin-top: 0.25em;\"><strong><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.stelvision.com\/astro\/boutique\/le-ciel-au-telescope\/?ref=bottom\">Le Ciel au t\u00e9lescope, le guide indispensable pour r\u00e9ussir vos observations<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Depuis ses d\u00e9buts en 1998, la Station spatiale internationale a accueilli plus de 240 astronautes. Alors que l&rsquo;Esa vient d&rsquo;annoncer que l&rsquo;astronaute fran\u00e7ais Thomas Pesquet serait de nouveau \u00e0 son bord en 2021, focus sur le plus grand objet artificiel en orbite terrestre.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":10140,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[3],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-10132","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-science-espace"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.1.1 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Station spatiale internationale (ISS)&nbsp;: histoire et devenir<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Focus sur le plus grand objet artificiel en orbite terrestre. L&#039;ISS qui a d\u00e9j\u00e0 accueilli plus de astronautes !\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.stelvision.com\/astro\/la-station-spatiale-internationale-iss\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Station spatiale internationale : histoire et devenir\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Focus sur le plus grand objet artificiel en orbite terrestre. 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