{"id":25963,"date":"2020-09-08T11:46:06","date_gmt":"2020-09-08T09:46:06","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.stelvision.com\/astro\/?p=25963"},"modified":"2024-10-09T12:47:00","modified_gmt":"2024-10-09T10:47:00","slug":"eclairage-sur-la-magnitude","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.stelvision.com\/astro\/eclairage-sur-la-magnitude\/","title":{"rendered":"\u00c9clairage sur la magnitude"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"chapo\">L&rsquo;\u00e9clat des \u00e9toiles se mesure en magnitude. Mais cette notion a des c\u00f4t\u00e9s d\u00e9routants pour le d\u00e9butant, avec son \u00e9chelle invers\u00e9e et ses valeurs n\u00e9gatives&#8230; On vous explique tout !<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"683\" src=\"https:\/\/www.stelvision.com\/astro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/champ_etoile_artyzarno.jpg\" alt=\"Paysage nocturne avec le ciel \u00e9toil\u00e9 en hiver et la constellation d'Orion et en avant-plan des arbres et une maison.\" class=\"wp-image-26210\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.stelvision.com\/astro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/champ_etoile_artyzarno.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.stelvision.com\/astro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/champ_etoile_artyzarno-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.stelvision.com\/astro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/champ_etoile_artyzarno-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.stelvision.com\/astro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/champ_etoile_artyzarno-750x500.jpg 750w, https:\/\/www.stelvision.com\/astro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/champ_etoile_artyzarno-570x380.jpg 570w, https:\/\/www.stelvision.com\/astro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/champ_etoile_artyzarno-368x245.jpg 368w, https:\/\/www.stelvision.com\/astro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/champ_etoile_artyzarno-270x180.jpg 270w, https:\/\/www.stelvision.com\/astro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/champ_etoile_artyzarno-1000x667.jpg 1000w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><strong>Le ciel nocturne comporte des milliers d&rsquo;astres avec chacun leur propre \u00e9clat. <\/strong><small>Photo : ArtyzArno &#8211; Concours photo Stelvision n\u00b029<\/small><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Au d\u00e9but \u00e9tait la grandeur&#8230;<\/h2>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"268\" height=\"326\" src=\"https:\/\/www.stelvision.com\/astro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Hipparchos_1.jpeg\" alt=\"Portrait d'Hipparque\" class=\"wp-image-26218\" style=\"width:201px;height:245px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.stelvision.com\/astro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Hipparchos_1.jpeg 268w, https:\/\/www.stelvision.com\/astro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Hipparchos_1-247x300.jpeg 247w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 268px) 100vw, 268px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><strong>Portrait d&rsquo;Hipparque.<\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.stelvision.com\/astro\/qui-etaient-les-tout-premiers-astronomes\/\">Au II<sup>\u00e8me<\/sup> si\u00e8cle avant J.-C<\/a>., l&rsquo;astronome grec Hipparque \u00e9tablit un premier classement des <a href=\"https:\/\/www.stelvision.com\/astro\/les-etoiles-naissance-vie-et-mort\/\">\u00e9toiles<\/a> selon leur \u00e9clat apparent. Observant seulement \u00e0 l&rsquo;\u0153il nu, il d\u00e9termine six cat\u00e9gories d&rsquo;intensit\u00e9s d\u00e9croissantes, qu&rsquo;il appelle <em>grandeurs<\/em>&nbsp;: une \u00e9toile tr\u00e8s brillante est de premi\u00e8re grandeur, une autre un peu moins lumineuse est de deuxi\u00e8me grandeur, ainsi de suite jusqu&rsquo;\u00e0 la sixi\u00e8me grandeur qui concerne les \u00e9toiles les plus faibles visibles \u00e0 l&rsquo;\u0153il nu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>La premi\u00e8re \u00e9chelle pour mesurer l&rsquo;\u00e9clat des \u00e9toiles s&rsquo;\u00e9tale donc de 1 \u00e0 6, du plus brillant au plus faible. Elle va servir pendant de nombreux si\u00e8cles et \u00eatre \u00e0 la base du syst\u00e8me actuel que l&rsquo;astronome Norman Pogson \u00e9tablit en 1856.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">&#8230; puis vint la magnitude<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Car les grandeurs qu&rsquo;Hipparque a d\u00e9termin\u00e9es de fa\u00e7on empirique restituent assez justement un fait transposable math\u00e9matiquement&nbsp;: la sensation d&rsquo;\u00e9clat per\u00e7ue par l&rsquo;\u0153il varie comme le logarithme de son excitation. Une propri\u00e9t\u00e9 rigoureusement mise en \u00e9quation par Norman Pogson dont d\u00e9coule l&rsquo;\u00e9chelle de <em>magnitude<\/em>, toujours en vigueur actuellement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Pour l&rsquo;exprimer simplement, un \u00e9cart d&rsquo;une magnitude correspond \u00e0 une diff\u00e9rence d&rsquo;\u00e9clat de 2,512&nbsp;: une \u00e9toile de magnitude 3 est donc 2,512&nbsp;fois plus brillante qu&rsquo;une \u00e9toile de magnitude 4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table aligncenter\"><table class=\"has-background\" style=\"background-color:#f3f4f5\"><tbody><tr><td><strong>\u00c9cart de magnitude<br>entre deux astres<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>Rapport d\u2019\u00e9clat<\/strong><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>0,5<\/td><td>1,58<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>1<\/td><td>2,512<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>2<\/td><td>6,31<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>3<\/td><td>15,85<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>4<\/td><td>39,81<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>10<\/td><td>10 000<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>\u00c0 l&rsquo;\u00e9poque de Norman Pogson, on dispose d\u00e9j\u00e0 d&rsquo;instruments qui permettent de voir des objets invisibles \u00e0 l&rsquo;\u0153il nu et l&rsquo;\u00e9chelle des magnitudes est donc \u00e9tendue au-del\u00e0 de 6. Par exemple, les plus faibles objets d\u00e9tect\u00e9s par un <a href=\"https:\/\/www.stelvision.com\/astro\/boutique\/stelescope-130\/\">t\u00e9lescope de 130&nbsp;mm de diam\u00e8tre<\/a> ont une magnitude de 12,6. Mais Norman Pogson se rend \u00e9galement compte que Hipparque a sous-\u00e9valu\u00e9 l&rsquo;\u00e9clat de certaines \u00e9toiles les plus brillantes. De plus, il souhaite aussi quantifier l&rsquo;\u00e9clat d&rsquo;astres encore plus lumineux : <a href=\"https:\/\/www.stelvision.com\/astro\/formation-du-systeme-solaire\/\">plan\u00e8tes<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.stelvision.com\/astro\/la-lune-notre-satellite-naturel\/\">Lune<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.stelvision.com\/astro\/le-soleil-notre-bonne-etoile\/\">Soleil<\/a>. Il d\u00e9cide donc d&rsquo;\u00e9tendre l&rsquo;\u00e9chelle de magnitude en de\u00e7\u00e0 de 1 (on le rappelle encore, les \u00e9toiles de premi\u00e8re grandeur d&rsquo;Hipparque sont les plus brillantes), ce qui a pour cons\u00e9quence d&rsquo;attribuer des magnitudes de z\u00e9ro ou de valeurs n\u00e9gatives.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"boxFocus-solid\"><strong>On a donc maintenant tous les \u00e9l\u00e9ments pour comprendre l&rsquo;\u00e9chelle alambiqu\u00e9e des magnitudes&nbsp;:<\/strong><br><i class=\"neko-icon-left\" style=\"color: #4fb8d7;\"><\/i>une origine ancienne qui classe les \u00e9toiles en six grandeurs d&rsquo;\u00e9clats, de la plus brillante \u00e0 la plus faible, d&rsquo;o\u00f9 les valeurs invers\u00e9es&nbsp;;<br><i class=\"neko-icon-left\" style=\"color: #4fb8d7;\"><\/i>une extension de l&rsquo;\u00e9chelle dans sa forme moderne qui prend en compte des astres plus brillants, d&rsquo;o\u00f9 l&rsquo;apparition de valeurs n\u00e9gatives.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Quelles sont les magnitudes couramment rencontr\u00e9es ?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>La magnitude des diff\u00e9rents astres observ\u00e9s depuis la Terre couvre donc d\u00e9sormais une large \u00e9chelle. Voici quelques points de rep\u00e8re :<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table aligncenter\"><table class=\"has-background\" style=\"background-color:#f3f4f5\"><tbody><tr><td><strong>Objet<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>Magnitude<\/strong><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Soleil<\/td><td>-26,8<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Lune (pleine lune)<\/td><td>-12,7<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Plan\u00e8te V\u00e9nus (maximum)<\/td><td>-4,4<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Plan\u00e8te Mars (maximum)<\/td><td>-2,8<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Plan\u00e8te Jupiter (maximum)<\/td><td>-2,5<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Sirius (\u00e9toile la plus brillante du ciel)<\/td><td>-1,5<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u00c9toile V\u00e9ga<\/td><td>0<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u00c9toile Polaire<\/td><td>2<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Plan\u00e8te naine Pluton<\/td><td>14<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Grosses exoplan\u00e8tes<\/td><td>28<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\t\t\t<div style=\"color: grey; font-size: 0.8em; text-align: center;\">La suite apr\u00e8s cette annonce<\/div>\t\t\t<div class=\"boxFocus\" style=\"padding-bottom: 8px; margin-bottom: 12px; border-radius: 0; border: 1px solid #ddd;\">\t\t\t\t<a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.stelvision.com\/astro\/boutique\/le-ciel-au-telescope\/?ref=middle\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.stelvision.com\/astro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/Ciel-au-telescope-1200x900-1.webp\" alt=\"visuel publicitaire livre le Ciel au t\u00e9lescope\" class=\"img-responsive\">\r\n\t\t\t\t<\/a>\r\n\t\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align: center; margin-bottom: 0em; margin-top: 0.25em;\"><strong><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.stelvision.com\/astro\/boutique\/le-ciel-au-telescope\/?ref=middle\">Le Ciel au t\u00e9lescope, le guide indispensable pour r\u00e9ussir vos observations<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Quelle magnitude puis-je atteindre avec mon instrument ?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Il est utile de conna\u00eetre les capacit\u00e9s d&rsquo;un instrument (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.stelvision.com\/astro\/produits\/jumelles\/\">jumelles<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.stelvision.com\/astro\/produits\/telescopes-lunettes\/\">lunette, t\u00e9lescope<\/a>&#8230;) pour savoir ce qu&rsquo;il permet de voir et <a href=\"https:\/\/www.stelvision.com\/astro\/telescopes-lunettes-astronomiques-comprendre-choisir\/\">lequel choisir<\/a>. On donne alors sa <em>magnitude limite<\/em>, valeur th\u00e9orique indicative calcul\u00e9e \u00e0 partir du diam\u00e8tre instrumental, mais qui varie en fonction des conditions d&rsquo;observation et de l&rsquo;acuit\u00e9 visuelle de l&rsquo;observateur. Voici quelques magnitudes limites th\u00e9oriques\u00a0:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table aligncenter\"><table class=\"has-background\" style=\"background-color:#f3f4f5\"><tbody><tr><td><strong>Instrument<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>Magnitude limite<\/strong><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u0152il nu<\/td><td>6<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Jumelles de 50mm de diam\u00e8tre<\/td><td>10<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Lunette de 70 mm de diam\u00e8tre<\/td><td>11,3<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>T\u00e9lescope de 130 mm de diam\u00e8tre<\/td><td>12,6<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>T\u00e9lescope de 200 mm de diam\u00e8tre<\/td><td>13,6<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>T\u00e9lescope de 400 mm de diam\u00e8tre<\/td><td>15,1<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>T\u00e9lescope de 5 m de diam\u00e8tre<\/td><td>20,6<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Magnitude apparente et magnitude absolue<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Jusque l\u00e0, nous parlions de la magnitude des astres vus depuis la Terre, donc leur <em>magnitude apparente<\/em>. Mais les astronomes ont voulu rendre compte de l&rsquo;\u00e9clat r\u00e9el des \u00e9toiles les unes par rapport aux autres, comme si elles \u00e9taient toutes situ\u00e9es \u00e0 la m\u00eame distance (ce qui est tr\u00e8s loin d&rsquo;\u00eatre le cas).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Ils ont donc calcul\u00e9 la <em>magnitude absolue<\/em>, qui correspond \u00e0 l&rsquo;\u00e9clat d&rsquo;une \u00e9toile si elle \u00e9tait vue \u00e0 10&nbsp;parsecs de distance (un parsec&nbsp;= 3,26 ann\u00e9es-lumi\u00e8re). Par exemple, le Soleil dont la magnitude apparente est de -26,8 a une magnitude absolue de 4,8, tandis que l&rsquo;\u00e9toile Antar\u00e8s dont la magnitude apparente est de&nbsp;1, a une magnitude absolue de -4,8.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"984\" src=\"https:\/\/www.stelvision.com\/astro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/gde-ourse-magnitude-apparente-absolue_b.jpg\" alt=\"Repr\u00e9sentation de la constellation de la Grande Ourse avec les valeurs de magnitude et l'aspect \u00e9quivalent pour chaque \u00e9toile. En haut, pour la magnitude apparente, en bas, pour la magnitude absolue.\" class=\"wp-image-26268\" style=\"width:600px;height:738px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.stelvision.com\/astro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/gde-ourse-magnitude-apparente-absolue_b.jpg 800w, https:\/\/www.stelvision.com\/astro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/gde-ourse-magnitude-apparente-absolue_b-244x300.jpg 244w, https:\/\/www.stelvision.com\/astro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/gde-ourse-magnitude-apparente-absolue_b-768x945.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.stelvision.com\/astro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/gde-ourse-magnitude-apparente-absolue_b-750x923.jpg 750w, https:\/\/www.stelvision.com\/astro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/gde-ourse-magnitude-apparente-absolue_b-570x701.jpg 570w, https:\/\/www.stelvision.com\/astro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/gde-ourse-magnitude-apparente-absolue_b-368x453.jpg 368w, https:\/\/www.stelvision.com\/astro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/gde-ourse-magnitude-apparente-absolue_b-270x332.jpg 270w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><strong>Comparaison entre la magnitude apparente (ce qu&rsquo;on voit r\u00e9ellement) et la magnitude absolue (ce qu&rsquo;on verrait si toutes les \u00e9toiles \u00e9taient \u00e0 la m\u00eame distance de 10 parsecs), pour les \u00e9toiles de la Grande Ourse.<\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">La magnitude surfacique<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Une autre notion souvent rencontr\u00e9e en observation visuelle est celle de <em>magnitude surfacique<\/em>, appel\u00e9e aussi <em>brillance de surface<\/em>&nbsp;: elle est utilis\u00e9 pour les objets \u00e9tendus et diffus (n\u00e9buleuses et galaxies notamment). En effet, la magnitude apparente d&rsquo;un objet \u00e9tendu donne une indication sur la totalit\u00e9 de la lumi\u00e8re qu&rsquo;il \u00e9met, mais plus sa surface est grande et plus la lumi\u00e8re \u00e9mise est r\u00e9partie sur cette surface. Cela a pour cons\u00e9quence qu&rsquo;\u00e0 magnitude apparente \u00e9gale, plus un objet est grand et plus on a l&rsquo;impression qu&rsquo;il est faiblement lumineux.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Pour contourner cette difficult\u00e9, on a donc cr\u00e9\u00e9 la magnitude surfacique qui donne l&rsquo;\u00e9clat moyen de l&rsquo;objet pour une portion de surface constante (l&rsquo;unit\u00e9 est la magnitude par seconde d&rsquo;arc au carr\u00e9) et donne une id\u00e9e plus juste de l&rsquo;aspect visuel d&rsquo;un objet \u00e9tendu.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"949\" height=\"496\" src=\"https:\/\/www.stelvision.com\/astro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/09\/m81_m82_FBTW.jpg\" alt=\"Photo des galaxies M81 et M82, dont la magnitude surfacique est diff\u00e9rente.\" class=\"wp-image-8753\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.stelvision.com\/astro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/09\/m81_m82_FBTW.jpg 949w, https:\/\/www.stelvision.com\/astro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/09\/m81_m82_FBTW-300x157.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.stelvision.com\/astro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/09\/m81_m82_FBTW-768x401.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.stelvision.com\/astro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/09\/m81_m82_FBTW-750x392.jpg 750w, https:\/\/www.stelvision.com\/astro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/09\/m81_m82_FBTW-570x298.jpg 570w, https:\/\/www.stelvision.com\/astro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/09\/m81_m82_FBTW-368x192.jpg 368w, https:\/\/www.stelvision.com\/astro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/09\/m81_m82_FBTW-270x141.jpg 270w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 949px) 100vw, 949px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><strong>\u00c0 gauche, la galaxie M81 a magnitude apparente de 7 et \u00e0 droite, M82 a une magnitude apparente de 8,5. Mais M81 \u00e9tant plus \u00e9tal\u00e9e que M82, sa magnitude surfacique est de 13,2 alors que celle de M82 est de 12,5.<\/strong><small> Photo : G\u00e9rard Bauza<\/small><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Magnitudes pour professionnels<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Les photographes et scientifiques ont aussi leurs propres \u00e9chelles de magnitude, qui englobent des portions variables du spectre lumineux des \u00e9toiles. La magnitude des astres dans les catalogues des astronomes professionnels est ainsi souvent \u00e9clat\u00e9e en trois valeurs&nbsp;: une pour la magnitude correspondant \u00e0 ce que l&rsquo;\u0153il per\u00e7oit (longueurs d&rsquo;onde autour de 550&nbsp;nm), une autre dans l&rsquo;ultraviolet (autour de 360&nbsp;nm) et une derni\u00e8re dans le bleu (autour de 440&nbsp;nm). Lorsque l&rsquo;on donne ces mesures pour un astre, on parle de <em>photom\u00e9trie<\/em>. Enfin la <em>magnitude bolom\u00e9trique<\/em> donne quant \u00e0 elle l&rsquo;\u00e9clat d&rsquo;un astre sur la totalit\u00e9 du spectre lumineux. On la mesure \u00e0 l&rsquo;aide d&rsquo;un instrument sp\u00e9cifique appel\u00e9 bolom\u00e8tre.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Une mesure d\u00e9licate<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Avec une telle armada d&rsquo;\u00e9chelles, on se dit que l&rsquo;\u00e9clat des astres est une grandeur qu&rsquo;on conna\u00eet bien. Mais quelques \u00e9l\u00e9ments perturbateurs viennent pimenter les mesures ! Tout d&rsquo;abord, celles effectu\u00e9es depuis la Terre sont sujettes aux effets d&rsquo;absorption variables de l&rsquo;atmosph\u00e8re. Et quand on mesure depuis l&rsquo;espace, il faut savoir si des nuages de gaz ou de poussi\u00e8res ne se trouvent pas entre l&rsquo;astre et nous ! Enfin, un grand nombre d&rsquo;\u00e9toiles ont un \u00e9clat qui varie dans le temps. De quoi donner quelques sueurs froides \u00e0 ceux qui \u00e9tablissent les catalogues stellaires !<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"531\" src=\"https:\/\/www.stelvision.com\/astro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Gaia-Artists-impression_r.jpg\" alt=\"Image d'artiste du satellite Gaia qui a r\u00e9alis\u00e9 un catalogue rigoureux de 1,8 millard d'\u00e9toiles (position, magnitude...), devant une photo de la Voie lact\u00e9e.\" class=\"wp-image-26232\" style=\"width:800px;height:531px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.stelvision.com\/astro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Gaia-Artists-impression_r.jpg 800w, https:\/\/www.stelvision.com\/astro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Gaia-Artists-impression_r-300x199.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.stelvision.com\/astro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Gaia-Artists-impression_r-768x510.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.stelvision.com\/astro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Gaia-Artists-impression_r-750x498.jpg 750w, https:\/\/www.stelvision.com\/astro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Gaia-Artists-impression_r-570x378.jpg 570w, https:\/\/www.stelvision.com\/astro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Gaia-Artists-impression_r-368x244.jpg 368w, https:\/\/www.stelvision.com\/astro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Gaia-Artists-impression_r-270x179.jpg 270w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><strong>Le satellite Gaia face \u00e0 la multitude d&rsquo;objets c\u00e9lestes \u00e0 cataloguer. <\/strong><small>Cr\u00e9dit&nbsp;: ESO\/S.Brunier<\/small><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p>Pour s&rsquo;affranchir des perturbations de l&rsquo;atmosph\u00e8re, on s&rsquo;appuie d\u00e9sormais sur d&rsquo;ambitieuses missions spatiales charg\u00e9es de mesurer avec pr\u00e9cision les mensurations des \u00e9toiles, dont leur magnitude. Apr\u00e8s Hipparcos en 1990, c&rsquo;est la <a href=\"https:\/\/www.stelvision.com\/astro\/gaia-explore-la-voie-lactee\/\">mission Gaia<\/a> qui a r\u00e9pertori\u00e9 pr\u00e8s d&rsquo;1,8 milliard d&rsquo;objets c\u00e9lestes dans son catalogue d\u00e9finitif publi\u00e9 en 2022. De quoi avoir une source de donn\u00e9es suffisamment vaste et pr\u00e9cise pour quelques temps !<\/p>\n\n\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div style=\"margin-bottom: 18px;\">\t\t\t\t<a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.stelvision.com\/astro\/boutique\/le-ciel-au-telescope\/?ref=bottom\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.stelvision.com\/astro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/Ciel-au-telescope-1200x900-1.webp\" alt=\"visuel publicitaire livre le Ciel au t\u00e9lescope\" class=\"img-responsive\">\r\n\t\t\t\t<\/a>\r\n\t\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align: center; margin-bottom: 0em; margin-top: 0.25em;\"><strong><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.stelvision.com\/astro\/boutique\/le-ciel-au-telescope\/?ref=bottom\">Le Ciel au t\u00e9lescope, le guide indispensable pour r\u00e9ussir vos observations<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>L&rsquo;\u00e9clat des \u00e9toiles se mesure en magnitude. Mais cette notion a des c\u00f4t\u00e9s d\u00e9routants pour le d\u00e9butant, avec son \u00e9chelle invers\u00e9e et ses valeurs n\u00e9gatives&#8230; On vous explique tout !<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":26210,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[2],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-25963","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-observer-le-ciel"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.1.1 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>\u00c9clairage sur la magnitude<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"La magnitude qui quantifie l&#039;\u00e9clat des \u00e9toiles est d\u00e9routante, avec son \u00e9chelle invers\u00e9e et ses valeurs n\u00e9gatives... D\u00e9cryptage !\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.stelvision.com\/astro\/eclairage-sur-la-magnitude\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"\u00c9clairage sur la magnitude\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"La magnitude qui quantifie l&#039;\u00e9clat des \u00e9toiles a des c\u00f4t\u00e9s d\u00e9routants pour le d\u00e9butant, avec son \u00e9chelle invers\u00e9e et ses valeurs n\u00e9gatives... 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